I'm an Assistant Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Villanova University, where I direct the Word Recognition and Auditory Perception (WRAP) Lab. Our group studies speech perception, hearing, and language processing, using a combination of computational, cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral techniques. I teach graduate and undergraduate courses in psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, including a laboratory course on speech perception for non-science majors.

Contact Info

Education and Academic Positions

• Assistant Professor (2014-present), Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University (Affiliations: Cognitive Science Program; Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Program)
• Postdoctoral Fellow (2011-2014), Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Collaborators: Susan Garnsey, Jont Allen, Duane Watson, Sarah Brown-Schmidt, Charissa Lansing, Monica Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton)
• Ph.D., Psychology—Cognition and Perception (2005-2011), University of Iowa (Advisor: Bob McMurray)
• B.S., Brain and Cognitive Sciences (2001-2005), University of Rochester (Advisor: Mike Tanenhaus)

Research

My research focuses on questions about speech and language processing:

• How do human listeners recognize speech accurately despite variability in the acoustic signal?
• How does this ability emerge over development, and how malleable is it in adulthood?
• How can we develop speech-based tests to measure hearing loss using behavioral and/or neural responses?

To answer these questions, we use techniques that allow us to study spoken word recognition as it happens. These include cognitive neuroscience methods (ERP and optical neuroimaging techniques) that capture early perceptual processes and eye-tracking approaches that measure lexical activation as the speech signal unfolds. We use these data to inform computational models of speech perception that address questions about unsupervised statistical learning and speech development.

For more information, check out our lab website.

Recent Publications

Full list on lab website and Google Scholar profile. Talks/presentations on lab website.

• Getz LM, Toscano JC (in press). The time-course of speech perception revealed by temporally-sensitive neural measures. To appear in WIREs Cognitive Science.
• Crinnion AM, Malmskog B, Toscano JC (in press). A graph theoretic approach to identifying acoustic cues for speech sound categorization. To appear in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
• Falandays JB, Brown-Schmidt S, Toscano JC (2020). Long-lasting gradient activation of referents during spoken language processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 112, 104088. [pdf]
• Getz LM, Toscano JC (2019). Electrophysiological evidence for top-down lexical influences on early speech perception. Psychological Science, 30, 830-841. [pdf]
• Toscano JC, Lansing C (2019). Age-Related changes in temporal and spectral cue weights in speech. Language and Speech, 62, 61-79. [pdf]
• Gao YA, Toscano JC, Shih C, Tanner D (2019). Reassessing the electrophysiological evidence for categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tone: ERP evidence from native and naïve non-native Mandarin listeners. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 81, 543-557. [pdf]
• Pereira O, Gao YA, Toscano JC (2018). Perceptual encoding of natural speech sounds revealed by the N1 event-related potential response. Auditory Perception & Cognition, 1, 112-130. [pdf]
• Tabachnick AR, Toscano JC (2018). Perceptual encoding in auditory brainstem responses: Effects of stimulus frequency. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61, 2364-2375. [pdf]
• Toscano JC, Anderson ND, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Garnsey SM (2018). The time-course of cortical responses to speech revealed by fast optical imaging. Brain and Language, 184, 32-42. [pdf]
• Buxó-Lugo A, Toscano JC, Watson DG (2018). Effects of participant engagement on prosodic prominence. Discourse Processes, 55, 305-323. [pdf]
• Brown-Schmidt S, Toscano JC (2017). Gradient acoustic information induces long-lasting referential uncertainty in short discourses. Language, Cognition, & Neuroscience, 32, 1211-1228 [pdf]
• Getz LM, Nordeen ER, Vrabic SC, Toscano JC (2017). Modeling the development of audiovisual cue integration in speech perception. Brain Sciences, 7, 32. [pdf]

Resources

• Praat Script Archives: Archive of links to Praat scripts around the web.
• R Workshop on Mixed-effects Models: Workshop held at the University of Illinois in Spring 2014. Includes links to example scripts and datasets for mixed-effects analyses and creating figures using ggplot.
• Yanny/Laurel Illusion: Our lab's explanation of the yanny/laurel illusion from May 2018.

Teaching

I've had the privilege of working with a number of outstanding students in my lab. Check out the complete list of our lab alumni here. The following students completed their M.S. theses in our lab:

1. Andrea Ruggiero (M.S., 2020), "Effects of visual speaking rate information on speech perception" [pdf]
2. Agnes Gao (M.S., 2019), "Contextual effects on low-level speech perception" [pdf]
3. Abigail Benecke (M.S., 2018), "Redundancy and variability in speech: Listeners' use of token-Level phonetic cues" [pdf]
4. Daniel Cordero (M.S., 2018, Software Engineering), "Applying neural nets to EEG data for hearing loss detection" (co-supervised with Dr. Edward Kim)   [pdf]
5. Emma Folk (M.S., 2017), "Parallel vs. serial processing in language comprehension" [pdf]
6. Benjamin Falandays (M.S., 2017), "How long can listeners maintain gradient acoustic information?" [pdf]
7. David Saltzman (M.S., 2016), "The role of the speech envelope in speaking rate compensation" [pdf]
8. Tifani Biro (M.S., 2016), "Enhancing tools for measuring phonetic convergence" [pdf]

Master's students who completed substantial research projects or published work from our lab other than their thesis:

1. Courtney Thomas, "Cortical measures of speech sound encoding and effects of hearing loss"
2. Elke Nordeen and Sarah Vrabic, "Modeling the development of audiovisual cue integration in speech perception" [pdf]
3. Alexandra Tabachnick, "Perceptual encoding in auditory brainstem responses: Effects of stimulus frequency" [pdf]
4. Olivia Pereira, "Perceptual encoding of natural speech sounds revealed by the N1 event-related potential response" [pdf]
5. Taylor Curley, "Statistical learning of English vowel categories"

Prospective Students

Interested in doing postdoctoral work in the lab or applying to our department's M.S. program? Send me an email to find out more!

Current Villanova undergraduate? Our lab is always looking for good Psychology and Cognitive & Behavioral Neuroscience majors (and other majors!) who want to learn more about perception and language. Click here to find out more about undergraduate research positions in the lab.

Courses

I teach courses in the Psychology, CBN, and Cognitive Science programs at Villanova. I also teach a Mendel Science Experience (MSE) course in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences called Sounds of Human Language. The course provides non-science majors with a background in the techniques and approaches used in the natural sciences. We study this through the lens of spoken language, exploring the acoustic properties of speech sounds and the mechanisms underlying speech perception. The course is well-suited to students who are interested in language and speech communication.

Some of the courses I teach:

• Sounds of Human Language (undergraduate lab, MSE 2701)
• Perception (undergraduate, PSY 3300)
• Psychology of Language (a.k.a. Language Processes, CGS 5910)
• Perception (graduate, PSY 8200)